Bill Kelso
History of Dance in Popular American Music.
A while back Francis mentioned that he liked to talk to his son about growing up in the 1960s. One of the most unusual occurrences during that time was the invention of the dance called the Twist and its many derivatives such as the Swim and the Locomotion. I recalled that period when Linda and I recently looked at pictures of our relatives dancing the Watusi and the Locomotion at the wedding of our nephew hosted by a DJ playing tunes from the1960s a few years back. We naturally laughed and thought the pictures were priceless.
Because we laughed so much it dawned on me that maybe our McClatchy class of 63 be might also be interested in understanding how our generation danced compared with people in the 20s, 40s, 70s, 80s, 90s as well as the 21st century. We also wanted to show that as music changed in America so did popular dance steps.
To put this discussion in some context and to connect it with previous posts, in the following links we tried to show how both singers of Rhythm and Blues and then secondly the public changed dance styles from one decade to the next.
1.The Various Types of Singer Song Dances
In looking at the dance moves of singers we have to recognize that this type of dance in America originated with the development of African American music. Unlike western music, African music has never made a distinction between music and dance. Thus in Africa when people sang they simultaneous danced.
However, when African Americans started to sing professionally in the United States, they followed the American tradition and initially just stood straight while belting out their songs. After all most African America rarely danced to Jazz or the Blues. But as Black music evolved from Jazz to Rhythm and Blues, many black recording artists started reverting back to their national heritage by dancing while singing. In the course of moving their bodies while singing, black artists came up with a variety of unique dance steps to enhance their particular sound.
In the follow video links we can see how Chuck Berry first revived traditional African dance by developing the duck walk.
After Chuck Berry African American singers such as the Temptations to Michael Jackson devised a wide variety of dance styles.
A.The Song And Dance Routines of Black Artists. Notice how each singer has his own unique dance style.
To appreciate the diversity of how singers sought to express themselves we can watch the following 1) videos of Chuck Berry as he developed his Duck Walk, 2) following by the Temptations, one of the most successful Motown groups, who are in turn are followed by 3) James Brown who was a sensation in his day, 4) followed by Michael Jackson who created the Moon Walkl and MC Hammer with his unique dance style. 5) To appreciate the above videos we need to also watch the dance moves of Elvis Presley, a white singer who also performed and danced like a black artist. Finally to appreciate the differnce between white and black singers, we can finish this segment with a 6) video of Bobby Rydell singing Volare. While Bobby Rydell has great hand gestures and can swing his hips a little, he, like most white singers, is not much of a dancer.
1)Chuck Berry as he experiments with the Duck Walk
Chuck Berry and the Duck Walk
The above video of Chuck Berry is worth viewing if you simultaneously want to see how our generation danced. Watch the guy in the white suit and the girl in the white skirt with black circles to the left of Chuck Berry. When you look at how our generation danced, it is hard to know whether we should be amazed or embarrassed.
The only time I have danced like this in the last 40 years occurred at my nephew’s wedding I discussed above. Halfway through the dance, my many cousins asked me if I knew how to do the Swim or the Watusi. I said yes as I had been young once. Most of my younger relatives looked at me in disbelief as they insisted that I had always been at least 70 years old. To demonstrate that they were wrong, Linda and I got on the dance floor. But before we started to dance, we confiscated the phones of all of our relatives so that there is no permanent record us acting like teenagers from the 1960s.
2) Chuck Berry and Johnny B Good
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLMK9-Ns-TY
3) Motown. The Temptations
Video of Motown swingershttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLjryDAyn9Y
4) James Brown
James Brown on the ED Sullivan Show
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJgkuyJ8NLo
5) MC. Hammer
. MCHammer Singing and Dancing
6) Michael Jackson and the Moon Walk
Michael Jackson and the Moon Walk
7) Elvis Presley
Elvis and different types of Danceshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItQjZr0MCb8
8)Bobby Rydell singing
llhttps://www.google.com/search?q=videos+of+bobby+rydell+singing&source=hp&ei=9PfzY6SJIKmKwbkP6IKhwAY&iflsig=AK50M_UAAAn
2. Popular Participatory Dances. How our generation was different from other generations.
The second form of dancing has generally involved couples dancing traditional moves like the waltz or the polka. In Africa, in contrast, dancing rarely involved couples. In place of two people dancing with one another, much dancing was either communal involving a whole line of people or else it was individualistic dancing in which one person shows off a whole array of moves. Because many of these individualistic dances involves a lot of pelvic activity, many westerns felt African dance steps were lascivious. However, Africans argued that since individuals danced by themselves and rarely touched someone from the other sex, their moves were more restrained than western dances.
Given our unique Western European as well as African American heritage it should not surprise us that in America the dance scene is very eclectic. Much of swing dancing from the 1940s involves couples and is very physical as the two dance partners end up twisting and rolling over one another. In contrast much of the dancing in the 1960s are variation on the twist. While nominally two people are dancing with one another, they in effect rarely touch one another as each individuals shakes and twists all by himself.
If we look at the videos you will also see that the Charleston and Swing dance of the 1920s through the 1940s required the dancers to be fairly athletic. The same goes for Disco dancing in the 1970s with the advent of the Hustle. In contrast the dances of the 1960s, which many of our generation performed on shows like the Dick Clark Show, required little skill. If you review the dance steps of the last several decades it is fair to say that our generation will probably not be remembered for its dancing. The oppositive is probably true of the 1940s generation who popularized swing dancing.
To appreciate this variety of dance styles in America we will look at the seven main types of popular dance that have dominated the 20th and 21st century. They include: 1) The Charlestown Dance which is associated with early Jazz or Dixieland Jazz, 2) Swing Dance also called the Linde Hop or the Jitterbug, which is associated with the Big Band Era or Swing Jazz 3) the dances of the 1960s which are variations on the Twist and associated with Rhythm and Blues and Rock and Roll, 4) Country Dancing which is a retro form of dancing similar to swing dancing, and was popular from the 1920s to the present, 5) Disco dancing, which naturally reflect the development of the sub-genre of R and B called Disco music and was popular in the 1970s, 6) Break Dancing which is associated with the rise of Rap of Hip Hop Music in the 1980s and 1990s and finally the development of 7) Rave dancing which is connected to the development of Electronic Dance Music in the 21st century.
A. A quick summary of the dance types over the last 100 years.
1. Jazz. The Charleston: The Dance of the1920s
Dixieland Jazz. The Dance of early Jazz or Dixieland Jazz is the Charleston.
2. Big Band Jazz. The Swing Dance of the 1940s and the Big Band Era
The Dance of Big Band Jazz is called Swing Dance or the Linde Hop which is also known as the Jitterbug. In Europe Swing dance is also known as Boogie Woogie dance.
3. Rhythm and Blues and Rock and Roll Music. Its main dance is the twist but with time there are many variations on the Twist such as the Locomotion or Swim. These dances are popular from the 1950s to the early 1970s.
The Dance of R and B and Rock and Roll is the twist and its many variation such as the Swim or the Watusi.
4. Country Dancing. As we shall see there are three main types of country dancing: Clogging, Line Dancing and Couples Dancing. These dance steps were popular from the 1920s to the Present.
Clogging, Line Dancing or Couple Dancing. Country Couple dancing has many similarities to Swing Dancing of the 1940s.
5. Disco Music. The Hustle: The Dance of the 1970s.
A sub genre of R and B is Disco music. Its main dance style is the Hustle. It stresses dancing more than traditional Rhythm and Blues.
6. Rap or Hip Hop Music. The Break Dance steps of the 1980s
The dance of Rap or Hip Hop is Break Dancing which is a form of entertainment dancing rathe than participatory dancing.
7. Electronic Dance Music. The dance of Electronic Dance music is Rave Dance and it was popular during the 21st Century.
B. Examples of the above Dance Types
1. Dixieland Jazz and its main dance the Charlestown. The 1920s
1) A Major Charleston Dance routine
Another Charleston Routine
2) Charleston Demonstration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GH79MhBHN5s
2. Swing Jazz. The Dance Moves of the 1940s
Two videos. The European version of American Swing Music is called Boogie Woogie.
Swing dancing which is also known as the Linda hop or Jitterbug is known for:
a. Aerials (lifting and throwing one’s partners over one’s back) called a roll over move.
b. Abundant spins and swivels and
c. Plenty of twists and turns and
d. Pull throughs where the guy pulls his partner through his legs.
1)Swing Dance of young couples
Swing Dance with Young Couples
2)Swing Dances from the Movies
Swing dances from the Movies
3. Rhythm and Blues as well as Rock and Roll. Dances. Popular from the 1950s to early 1970s.
Five Videos.
1)The 1950s. At this point Jim Crow still exists in the US. But you can see teenagers begin to challenge segregation by adopting both Black music and dance. This clip is from the movie Hairspray.
Hair Spray. An Introduction
2)Tradition Dancers on Dick Clark in 1964 who were one year young than we were in 1964. We now see a change from the 1950s as Dick Clark has black dancers on the show.
Also notice all of the women with a Bouffant Flip hair style. Even if you did not know the year this was filmed, all the bouffant flip hair styles would tell you it was sometime in the 60s. Among our classmates perhaps 30% of the women wore bouffant flips.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgL_zixdiQk
3) Learn the dance steps of the 1960s
Dances of the 1960s
4) More Dance Examples from the 60s. Different Forms of the Twist
https://www.youtube.com/?app=desktop&v=XGGm3QK0OWQ
5)The Nitty Gritty
The Nitty Gritty of the 1960s
4. Disco Dancing. The Dance Moves of the 70s. This styles of dance is called the hustle. Two Videos
Several main steps including:
a.Finger pointing up
b.Roll it up
c. Chicken Wing
d. Kick Ball Chain
1)Examples of Disco dancingExamples of Disco Dancing
2) The Main Steps of the Hustle, the main dance of disco
5.Country Music and the Rise of Country Dancing. 1920s to the present. There are three types of country dancing.
Country dancing has been popular from the 1920s. It involves Clogging to Line Dancing which was popular in the 90s to Couple Dancing which has always been popular among country fans.
1)Clogging
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmJj6LZogms
When the Scotch Irish came to America they revived the dance habits of their native country but they modified it and called it clogging. Clogging refers to the dancers being in synch with the beat of the song. Like people in Ireland the Scotch Irish were incredibly poor and lacked the instruments to have a full band. They compensated for their lack of instruments by using their feet to make music.
Like Blacks who invented both tap dancing, as well as Doo Wop music which is acapella, the Irish used alternative measures such as using their feet to make up for their lack of musical instruments
If you watch these videos carefully you will also see that Irish dances have loud and elaborate rhythms. That is unusual because generally western music stresses melody and harmony and not rhythm.
2) Country Line Dancing. This type of dancing was popular in the 1990s.
Wilson and country line dancing
3)Couples Country Dancing
V)deo of Country Dancing
6.Rap and Break Dancing. Popular form of dancing in the 1980s
Four key elements
a. First is the Top rock in which a dancer shows off his moves standing up.
b. Second is the down rock in which the dancer demonstrates his versatility while on the ground
c. Third is the power move as the dancer demonstrates his strength by standing on his hands
d. The fourth move is the freeze moves where his remains frozen for a minute or two.
Don’t try this dance if you are in your seventies..
1)Examples of Break Dancing
Rap or Break Dancing
7.Electro Music and Rave Dancing Popular in the 21st Century
In the following video you have to turn on the sound.
1)Short Video of a Rave
Video of a Rave dance
2) Various Dance Moves to use at a Rave Dance
The Moves of Rave Dance
3)Rave Dance in the Netherlands. A rather elevated and overblown view of the benefits of rave dancing.
Rave dance in the netherlands
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